Characteristics of structural and functional alterations following traumatic brain injury in neurons and glial cells of the sensorimotor cortex
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3121Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, apoptosis, necrosis, neurons, glial cellsAbstract
Introduction and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is regarded as a significant worldwide health issue and a significant contributor to mortality and disability. The objective of this study was to examine the parameters and nature of the regenerative and destructive processes that occur in the rat cerebral cortex depending on the degree and time of the TBI.
Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 24 sexless adult mice weighing 180–220 g. The primary group of mice had severe TBI. To assess the severity of the TBI model, histological data, animal survival rates, and motor and cognitive dysfunctions were examined. Both light and electron microscopy were used to study the animal brains in each group.
Results: The areas of injury were filled with blood, and microscopic examination revealed that the foci of contusion had destroyed brain tissue in the form of tissue and blood vessel fragments. Most dystrophic neuronal changes in mice with severe TBI between 1 and 21 days after the injury were acute neuronal swelling, hydropic dystrophy of nerve cells with clear cytoplasmic vacuolization, localized and complete chromatolysis, hyperchromatism, and homogeneous cytoplasm.
Conclusion: Brain tissue lesions develop in the early stages of a TBI through rapid necrotic cell death.
References
Peeters, W., van den Brande, R., Polinder, S., Brazinova, A., Steyerberg, E. W., Lingsma, H. F., et al., Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015;157(10):1683-1696.
Traumatic brain injury and concussion. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/data/rates.html. Last accessed on 18 May 2023.
Kadyrova, A., Baudinov, I., Alin, G., Mamytova, E., Antipina, I., Kyrbasheva, I., et al., Roles of diagnostic imaging techniques in traumatic brain injury. Biomedicine. 2022;42(1):1-10.
Rutland-Brown, W., Langlois, J. A., Thomas, K. E., Xi, Y. L. Incidence of traumatic brain injury in the United States, 2003. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21(6):544-548.
Traumatic brain injury fact sheets and policy brief. CENTER-TBI. Available from: https://www.center-tbi.eu/files/news/21571f81-20b8-4860-a3dd-1f6e27d02b3d.pdf. Last accessed on 18 May 2023.
Kalra, S., Malik, R., Singh, G., Bhatia, S., Al-Harrasi, A., Mohan, S et al., Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(10):1255-1262.
Asken, B. M., Sullan, M. J., DeKosky, S. T., Jaffee, M. S., Bauer, R. M. Research gaps and controversies in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A Review. JAMA Neurology. 2020;74(10):1255-1262.
Jiang, W., Jin, P., Wei, W., Jiang, W. Apoptosis in cerebrospinal fluid as outcome predictors in severe traumatic brain injury: An observational study. Medicine. 2020; 99(26):e20922.
Wong, J., Hoe, N. W., Zhiwei, F., Ng, I. Apoptosis and traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 2005;3(2):177-182.
Akamatsu, Y., Hanafy, K. A. Cell death and recovery in traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics. 2020;17(2):446-456.
Ng, S. Y., Lee, A. Y. W. Traumatic brain injuries: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:528.
Lewis, L. M., Dikranian, K., Bayly, P. V., Black, E., Creeley, C., Olney, J. W. Does traumatic brain injury trigger delayed neuronal death through apoptosis?. Acad Emerg Med. 2006; 13(1):S139.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Biomedicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Plum Analytics
