Evaluation of liver and renal function tests together with histopathological alterations in rabbits infected with a virulent strain of Proteus vulgaris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3571Keywords:
Proteus vulgaris, liver and renal function test, rabbits, histopathologyAbstract
Introduction and Aim: Gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris is found in animal and human guts. This bacterium can cause renal and vesical calculi, septicemia, and wound infection-related pyrexia. Antibiotics may not cure respiratory infections. This study infected rabbits with a virulent strain of P. vulgaris from bovine mastitis to examine metabolic and histological changes in various organs.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on twenty domestic rabbits of both sexes which were divided into two groups. The first group received 1010 CFU\ml\ of virulent Proteus vulgaris subcutaneously. While the second group (control) received subcutaneously 1 cc of phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.2). On 3,7, 14 days of infection, the animals were checked for their biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea and creatinine). Histological alterations in various organs were also studied.
Results: The infected group showed substantial increases (P0.01) in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to the control group. In contrast, the infected group showed a substantial rise (P 0.01) in blood urea and creatinine levels at 3, 7, and 14 days compared to pre-infection levels and the control group. Histological analysis of lung tissue showed dilated alveolar gaps with hemorrhagic and fibrinous exudates and many alveolar macrophages. These findings included pulmonary vasodilation and congestion. Intramuscular edema, cellular infiltration, intramuscular hemorrhage, and congestion was present in heart tissue with little muscle fiber separation. The intestines had significant patch proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration. Blood vascular congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration were also seen in the liver and kidney.
Conclusion: Experimental infection with pathogenic bacterium Proteus vulgaris raised rabbits' blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase. Cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, intestinal, and pulmonary tissues showed significant postmortem changes.
References
Karlowsky, J.A., Jones, M.E., Thornsberry, C., Friedland, I.R., Sahm, D. F. Trend in antimicrobial susceptibilities among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospitalized patients in the United States from 1980- 2001. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemoth. 2003;47 (5):1672-1680.
Coker, C., Poore, C. A., Li, X., Mobley, H.T.L. Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection. Microbes infect. 2000; 2:1497-1505.
Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. Evaluation of Proteus vulgaris fimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2011; 35(1):100-106.
Faleh, E.B. Pathological Changes of immunized rabbits with Proteus vulgaris Fimbriae antigen. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2011; 35(2):113-122.
Nussinovitch, M., Finkelstein, Y., Elishkevitz, K.P., Volvoitz, B., Harel, D., Klinger, G., et al., Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in children with bacteria and aseptic meningitis. Translational Res. 2009; 154(4):214-218.
Ali, A.T., Paiker, J.E., Crowther, N. J. The relationship between anthropometry and serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Liver enzymes, albumin, and bilirubin. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2006;126: 437-442.
Adams, E.B. 1987. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Weatherall, DJ, Ledingham.
Scheig, R. Evaluation of tests used to screen patients with liver disorders prim. Care. 1996; 23:551-560.
Rocha, S. P., Pelayo, J. S., Elias, W. P. Fimbriae of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis FEMS immune no Med Microbial. 2007; 51 (1):1-7.
Jalil, I.S., Mohammad, S.Q., Mohsen, A.K., Al-Rubaii, B.A.L. Inhibitory activity of Mentha spicata oils on biofilms of Proteus mirabilis isolated from burns. Biomedicine (India). 2023; 43(2):748-752.
Mohsin, M.R., Al-Rubaii, B.A.L. Bacterial growth and antibiotic sensitivity of Proteus mirabilis treated with anti-inflammatory and painkiller drugs. Biomedicine (India). 2023; 43(2):728-734.
Al-Saidi, M.H., Al-Bana, R.J.A., Hassan, E., Al-Rubaii, B.A.L. Extraction and characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Hibiscus plant using green technology and study of its antibacterial activity. Biomedicine (India). 2022; 42(6):1290-1295.
Levinson, W. (2016). Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 14th. McGraw -Hill education, Inc. PP 821.
Bancroft, F. J., Steven, A. Theory H and practice of histological techniques 2nd Ed Churchill Livingston.1982.
Coles, E.H. (1986). Veterinary clinical pathology, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Al-Shammaa, N.M.J., Al-Wihaly, B.H., Abass, E.A.A. Effect Of Some enzymes activity in liver diseases from patients of Salmonella Paratyphi A with Iraqi woman., Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science. 2011; 24(2):1-9.
Hammadi. K. M. The liver and renal function test in experimentally immunized rabbits with sonicated antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology. 2023; (Special Issue 1): 112-117.
Augoustides, J.G., Pochettino, A., Ochroch, E.A., Cowie, D., Weiner, J., Gambone, A.J., et al., Renal dysfunction after thoracic aortic surgery requiring deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: Definition, incidence, and clinical predictors. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth.2006; 20:673-677.
Follo, A., Llovet, J.M., Navasa, M., Planas, R., Forns, X., Francitorra, A., et al., Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis. Hepatology. 1994; 20:1495-1501.
Faleh, E. B. Pathological changes of immunized rabbits with Proteus vulgaris fimbriae antigen. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2011; 35 (2): 113-122.
Abdulkareem, M.H., Razook, B.R., Ameer, A.H.A. and Alrubaye, B. Histopathological changes of rabbits’ vital organs associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. International Journal of Special Education. 2022; 37(3):13243-13255.
Darniati, D., Setiyaningsih, S., Agungpriyono, D.R., Handharyani, E. First evidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in Aceh cattle: Pathomorphology and antigenic distribution in the lungs, Veterinary World, 2022; 14(4): 1007-1013.
Scheuer, P.J., Lefkowitch, J.H. Liver biopsy interpretation. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.2006; 317-361.
Razook, B.R.F. Histopathology in rabbits injected with sonicated Klebsiella and Eimeria antigens challenged with virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Online J Vet Res.2018; 22(10): 888-900.
Bengoechea, J.A., Sa Pessoa, J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: Living to counteract host defenses. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2019; 43(2): 123-144.
Iwasaki, A., Foxman, E.F., Molony, R.D. Early local immune defenses in the respiratory tract. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2017; 17(1): 7-20.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Biomedicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Plum Analytics
