Inhibition of GIIA sPLA2 by Annona glabra as an anti-inflammatory function: An attempt to neutralize the inflammation of cancer

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Medicinal plant of Annona glabra (pond apple) is a tropical tree of American and Asian countries. Traditional usage of Annona glabra for treatment of various ailments including chronic inflammatory disease has been documented. More precisely, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis has been targeted. The present study is on the evaluation of anti-inflammatory function of Annona glabra by inhibiting group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (GIIA sPLA2) and as well as estimation of its antioxidant activity. The results reveal the mechanism of anti- inflammatory function of A. glabra that in turn is useful to treat various inflammatory diseases and the inflammatory phase of cancer.

Methodology: Different extracts of A. glabra were prepared by Soxhlet extraction. The antioxidant activity by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assay was performed. The secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibition and MTT assay was also carried out on prostate cancer (PC3) cell line by A. glabra extracts.

Results: Acetone extract of A. glabra inhibited sPLA2IIA and showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in DPPH (IC50 95.68 µg/mL) and phosphomolybdenum assay method. The MTT assay on prostate cancer cell line (PC3) showed moderate inhibition of cell growth at higher test concentrations (800µg/mL).

Conclusion: The results indicated that the acetone extract of A. glabra leaves exhibited a greater antioxidant activity, sPLA2 inhibition and moderate anticancer activity on prostate cancer (PC3) cell line. The above findings justified the therapeutic applications of the A. glabra leaves in the indigenous system of medicine, augmenting its therapeutic value to treat the inflammatory phase of cancer.

Keywords: Annona glabra; anti-oxidant activity; MTT assay; secretory phospholipase A2 inhibition; prostate cancer.