Biomedicine

Abstract

Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is among the most common causes of anterior knee discomfort, predominantly seen in young, active individuals. Due to its multifactorial origin, effective treatment must address both biomechanical misalignments and neuromuscular deficits. Emerging research supports the notion that integrating manual therapy techniques with exercise-based rehabilitation yields more favorable outcomes than exercise alone. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of incorporating patellar mobilization into a progressive strengthening program for individuals with PFPS. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, twenty individuals diagnosed with PFPS were assigned into two groups. Both groups participated in a six-week intervention with four sessions per week. Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), joint mobility was assessed with a universal goniometer, and functional status was evaluated using the Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ). Statistical comparisons between baseline and post-treatment outcomes were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements post-intervention (p < 0.001). However, participants receiving combined therapy demonstrated greater reductions in pain (NPRS: 6.03 ± 0.47 to 3.53 ± 0.44; MD = 1.43, p = 0.000), larger gains in range of motion (99.66 ± 6.06° to 121.83 ± 7.09°; MD = 9.14, p = 0.009), and superior improvements in functional outcomes (FIQ: 41.03 ± 2.47 to 71.41 ± 4.61; MD = 15.21, p = 0.000). Effect sizes were notably large, particularly for pain reduction and functional improvement,with n² values surpassing 0.9.