Due to transition in the journal platform, the previously submitted articles, which are under process can be re-submitted here for quick process, kindly co-operate

Biomedicine

Volume: 43 Issue: 1

  • Open Access
  • Original Article

Evaluation of antimycotic activity of grapefruit leaf extract on Candida species - An in vitro study

Anupama Prasad D.1, Krishna Prasad D.1, A. Veena Shetty2,3, Shilpa Ashwin Shenoy2,3

1Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
2Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
3Central Research lab, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India

Corresponding author: Anupama Prasad D. Email: [email protected]

Year: 2023, Page: 413-417, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i01.1993

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Candidiasis is one of the most common pathological conditions affecting the oral mucosa. Synthetic antifungals are being eliminated from the market due to the burden of environmental residues and carcinogenesis. Bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polyacetylenes, unsaturated isobutylamides, and phenolics are considered safer than synthetic products. The medical field is continuously exploring plant products against the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Leaves of grapefruits were selected for the study because citrus species are well known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Materials and Methods: Volatile oils extracted from grapefruit leaves by hydro distillation were tested for antifungal activity by agar diffusion method against various ATCC strains of Candida. MIC/MFC and ZOI were recorded, and a cytotoxicity test was carried out on human gingival fibroblasts.
Results: Leaf extract not only produced a larger zone of inhibition against test pathogens but was also less cytotoxic than Amphotericin B and Fluconazole.
Conclusion: Grapefruit leaf volatile oil extract had an antifungal effect on selected strains of candida and was less toxic than Amphotericin B and Fluconazole to the human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

Keywords: Grapefruit; leaf extract; antifungals; cytotoxicity; healthcare.

References

1. Williams, D., Lewis, M. Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. J Oral Microbiol. 2011; 28:3.

2. Moghim. H., Taghipour, S., Kheiri, S., Khabbazi, H., Baradaran, A. Antifungal effects of Iranian propolis extract and Royal jelly against Candida albicans in‑vitro. Int J Prev Med. 2021;12:163.

3. Kumar, K. J., Jayachandran, E., Srinivas, G.M. Formulation and Evaluation of pH-Induced Povidone Iodine in Situ Gel for Oral Thrush. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2010; 2:294-301.

4. Silva, F., Ferreira, S., Duarte, A., Mendon, D.I.,Domingues, F.C. Antifungal activity of Coriandrum sativum essential oil, its mode of action against Candida species and potential synergism with amphotericin B. Phytomedicine. 2011 ;19:42-47.

5. Moorthy, K.K., Subramaniam, P., Senguttuvan, J. In vitro antifungal activity of various extracts of leaf and stem parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi. Int J Pharm Sci. 2013; 5: 745-747.

6. Mohandas, V., Ballal, M. Distribution of Candida Species in different clinical samples and their virulence: Biofilm formation, proteinase and phospholipase production: A study on hospitalized patients in Southern India. J Global Infect Dis. 2011; 3:4-8

7. Lestari, S. The effect of exposure duration of self-etched dentin bonding on the toxicity of human gingival fibroblast of cell culture. Dent. J. (Maj. Ked. Gigi). 2008;41: 91-94.

8. Himratul-Aznita, W.H., Faisal, M.A., Fathilah, A.R. Determination of the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) of Piper betle crude aqueous extract against oral Candida species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5:878-884.

9. Yigit, N., Aktas, E., Dagestan, S., Ayyildiz, A.. Investigating Biofilm Production, Coagulase and Hemolytic Activity in Candida Species Isolated From Denture Stomatitis Patients. EAJM. 2011; 43: 27-32.

10. Chandra, J., Mukherjee, P.K., Leidich, S.D., Faddoul, F.F., Hoyer., L.L., Douglas, L.J., et al., Antifungal Resistance of Candida Biofilms Formed on Denture Acrylic in vitro. J Dent Res. 2001; 80:903-908.

11. Cvetni, Z., Vladimir-Knezevic, S. Antimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed and pulp ethanolic extract. Acta Pharm. 2004;54:243-250.

12. Han,Y. Synergic effect of grape seed extract with Amphotericin B against disseminated candidiasis due to Candida albicans. Phytomedicine. 2007; 14: 733-738.

13. Dembinski, A., Warzecha, Z., Konturek, S.J., Ceranowicz, P., Dembinski, M., Pawlik, W.W., et al., Extract of grapefruit-seed reduces acute pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats; possible implication of tissue antioxidants. Journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2004; 55:811-821.

14. Javed, S., Javaid, A., Nawaz, S., Saeed, M.K., Mahmood, Z., Siddiqui, S.Z., et al., Phytochemistry, GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Essential Oil From Five Citrus Species. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2014; 6(3):201-208.

15. Zohra, H.F., Rachida, A., Malika, M., Benali, S., Samir, A.A., and Meriem, B. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of Algerian Citrus. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2015; 14:1048-1055.

16. Sarrou, E., Chatzopoulou, P., Dimassi-Theriou, K., Therios, I. Volatile Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Peel, Flowers and Leaf Oils of Citrus aurantium L. Growing in Greece. Molecules. 2013; 18:10639-10647

Cite this article

Anupama Prasad D., Krishna Prasad D., A. Veena Shetty, Shilpa Ashwin Shenoy. Evaluation of antimycotic activity of grapefruit leaf extract on Candida species - An in vitro study. Biomedicine: 2023; 43(1): 413-417

Views
173
Downloads
23
Citations