Biomedicine

Abstract

Background and Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a growing health challenge in India, with emerging evidence linking iron deficiency to HF-related morbidity. This study assessed iron deficiency prevalence in non-anemic female HF patients in India and explored its clinical implications. 
Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at IMS & SUM Hospital, Odisha, from January to December 2022. Forty-seven non-anemic female HF patients meeting specific criteria were included. Clinical assessments, hematological investigations, and 2D-Echo were performed, evaluating iron status, hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and NT-PRO BNP levels. Statistical analysis used SPSS software. 
Results: Iron deficiency was prevalent in 57% of patients, including absolute (32%) and functional (25%) types. Common comorbidities were Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension (47%). Severe symptoms (NYHA Class IV) were associated with higher iron deficiency prevalence, but no significant link was found with systolic or diastolic dysfunction. The iron-deficiency group exhibited lower hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels. 
Conclusion: This study underscores the under-recognized impact of iron deficiency in non-anemic female HF patients in India. While preliminary data hint at potential cardiac function effects, larger-scale research is needed. Routine iron status testing should be considered in national recommendations to enhance HF management and patient outcomes in India.